Costing and financing the teaching profession: A strategic investment in education

This paper has been developed to inform discussions at the World Summit on Teachers (2025). It examines the challenges and opportunities involved in sustainably costing and financing the teaching profession, with a focus on salary structures, workload, international aid, and innovative financing. Drawing on global data and country case studies, it highlights the critical role of domestic resource mobilisation, the risks of overreliance on external and short-term funding, and the promises of progressive fiscal reforms. The paper concludes with actionable policy recommendations to align teacher financing with broader education and equity goals. This paper is intended for government officials, education planners, administrators and policymakers, particularly those in ministries of education, finance, and planning, who are responsible for budget allocation, fiscal policy, and education sector reform. It is also aimed at development partners and international financial institutions, teacher unions, civil society organizations and the broader audience interested in the topic.

A document summarizing the key messages of the paper is also available here.